Set an exact width and height in pixels, or scale the whole image by a percentage. The aspect-ratio lock keeps the proportions intact so nothing ends up stretched, and you can switch it off when a target size demands exact dimensions.
Change the dimensions by exact pixels or by percent — entirely in your browser.
Resizing re-encodes the image, so saving a JPEG repeatedly through several rounds of editing will slowly degrade it. Work from the original file where you can, rather than from a file you already resized.